THE GOSPEL OF CHRIST

SPREADING THE SOUL-SAVING MESSAGE OF JESUs

Revelation Lesson 2

(Keys 5-8 to Understanding the Book)

Introduction by narrator accompanied by a cappella singing:

THE GOSPEL OF CHRIST. Spreading the soul-saving message of Jesus. And now, Timothy Sparks and Ben Bailey.

Timothy Sparks:

“But leave out the court which is outside the temple, and do not measure it, for it has been given to the Gentiles. And they will tread the holy city underfoot for forty-two months” (Rev. 11:2). I’m Timothy Sparks.

Ben Bailey:

And I’m Ben Bailey. Welcome to our study of the Book of Revelation. This lesson is being brought to you by loving, caring members of the church of Christ. We invite you to visit the church of Christ in your area. Let the people there know how much you appreciate this broadcast, and ask them to study the Bible with you. They will be happy to do so. We are making these lessons available on CD, or DVD. If you would like a complimentary copy, log on to our website at www.thegospelofchrist.com, fill out the request form you’ll find there, and we will be happy to send to you whatever you need. We won’t even charge you for the postage.

Timothy Sparks:

Before we present the next four keys that will provide background information for us, so that we can look at the text of the Book of Revelation, let us summarize what the first four keys tell us. The first key is that Revelation is a book that is written in symbols and signs (Rev. 1:1). The second key (also described in verse 1) is that Revelation describes things that were to come to pass within the time frame of the first century. The third key is that the book can be understood (Rev. 1:3). The fourth key is that the book was written to comfort persecuted Christians. The fifth key is that the Book of Revelation identifies the period of 42 months described in Revelation 11:2). John said in Revelation 11:2 that “the holy city” would trampled “underfoot for forty-two months.” Remember, in keeping with key number one to understanding the book, that the numbers are symbolic, and thus are not to be taken literally. In chapters 11, 12, and 13, we are going to come across three things: (1) 42 months; (2) 1,260 days; and (3) “time, times, and half the time.” What does the phrase, “time, times, and half the time” indicate? Think of it this way. “Time” is one year. “Times” is two years. “Half the time” is half a year. Thus we have 1 + 2 + 0.5, or 3.5 years—which is exactly 42 months, or 1,260 days (42 x 30). So when we see 42 months, 1,260 days, or “time, times, and half the time,” we know that the text is speaking of the same period of time. John said in Revelation 11:2 that evil, wicked people would trample underfoot the holy city for forty-two months. The “holy city” is the church, as we learn from such passages as Revelation 21:2 “(“Then I, John, saw the holy city, New Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband”). In Hebrews 12:22, we learn of “the heavenly Jerusalem,” which is a reference to the church. Ephesians 5 tells us that the church is the bride of Christ. Revelation 11:2 makes it clear that the church is being “trampled” or persecuted. Thus, this phrase “42 months” refers to a period of intense persecution of Christians.

Ben Bailey:

As we mentioned in Lesson #1, the number “7” represents “perfection.” Thus, when we read of 3.5, we are talking about something that is imperfect. It was not an indefinite period of time. Rather, it represented a definite period of time, during which Christians would suffer persecution. One of the pieces of encouraging news from Revelation 11 is that the persecution will not last forever, and that the cause of Christ will be sustained. In some way, each of us has to endure some persecution in our lives. Each of us faces challenges and difficulties. Let us remember two things: (1) the difficulties will not last forever; and (2) God will be there to help us. Perhaps the key verse to understanding the entire Book of Revelation is found in Revelation 11:15, “The kingdoms of this world have become the kingdoms of our Lord and of His Christ, and He shall reign forever and ever!” Although it may appear at times that the “kingdoms of this world” are going to “win out” over the kingdom of Christ, that is not going to happen. God is in control, and the kingdom of Christ is going to rule over, and outlast, all earthly kingdoms. We learn from Dan­iel 4:25-26 that God rules in the kingdoms of men. Even today, God is still in control. We need to remember again the key word of the Book of Revelation—“victory” (or “victorious”). Christians are going to be victorious. We must not give up. We need to have the strength to continue to serve God, no matter what. There is a key question found in Rev­elation 6:10, “How long, O Lord, holy and true, until You judge and avenge our blood on those who dwell on the earth?” Those who have died during the persecution want to know how long it will be before God avenges their unwarranted deaths. God tells them to be patient, and to know that, in His own time, He will right the wrongs they have suffered. Their period of suffering—those “42 months”—will not last forever. And God will avenge them!

Timothy Sparks:

The Christians who were still alive, and who were still undergoing severe persecution, were filled with questions. How long would it before God avenged their dead brothers and sisters in Christ? Would the church flounder—or, worse still, perish? The answer they received was, “Be patient.” God gives people time to repent! We know this because of passages such as 2 Peter 3:9, which tell us that God is “not willing that any should perish but that all should come to repentance.” The message (as found in the 1,260 days) for the Christians who were having to endure the persecution is that their suffering would not last forever, and that God would avenge them. Thus, this is the importance of the fifth key. They sixth key identifies the dragon (chapter 12) and the two beasts (chapter 13).

Ben Bailey:

In Revelation 12:9ff., we learn that “the dragon” is none other than the serpent of old—Satan himself! The “dragon” is not some modern-day figure. Rather, it is representative of the devil, who is causing all these problems, and who is intent on snuffing out Christianity. But we also see a child and a woman. As far back as Genesis 3:15, we learn that God would deal a deathblow to the head of Satan. The woman represents Old Testament Israel. The promises and prophecies that were made to Old Testament Israel eventually brought forth Christianity and the New Covenant. The child is representative of Christ and Christianity. We need to understand that the dragon is not someone “new and modern” in our day and time. The dragon is Satan, who throughout the history of mankind has tried to destroy, first, Old Testament Israel, and second, Christianity.

Timothy Sparks:

Do you ever work crossword puzzles? If you do, you know how the process works. The first thing you do is fill in the boxes, using the information you know. That, then, sometimes helps you figure out what goes into the boxes that are still empty (representing things you do not know). That is what we need to do here in Revelation 12. We know that the dragon is Satan, so we can plug that piece of information into our crossword puzzle. In chapter 13, we see a beast that comes up out of the sea. We therefore can call him the “sea beast” or the “first beast.” He receives his power from the dragon, and, in fact, he looks so much like the dragon that there is no mistaking whose side he is on. The second beast arises out of the Earth. Any time something comes from “down below,” it is generally evil. Thus, both of these beasts are evil and wicked. The second beast does only what the first beast gives him the power and authority to do. What does the second beast do? He goes around setting up images of the first beast, and then forces people to bow down and worship these images. Was there a situation that existed at this time in history when someone forced someone else to bow down and worship images? Yes, there was. During the first century, the Roman government had people who went around the countryside, set up images of the emperor (Caesar), and forced people to worship those images. Those people who refused to worship Caesar were persecuted, and quite often were put to death. Thus, the second beast represents those who enforced emperor worship. The first beat represents the Roman Empire with the emperor as its head. Thus, the sixth key to understanding the Book of Revelation has to do with the fact that we can identify the dragon (Satan), the first beast (the Roman government with Caesar as its head), and the second beast (those who enforced emperor worship).

Ben Bailey:

Those who refused to worship the images of Caesar faced certain death—in some of the most gruesome ways you can imagine. Some were dragged behind horses in the streets of the city. Others were burned alive. Some were dressed in animal skins (e.g., sheep skins) and placed in the middle of the Roman coliseum before a large crowd, where they were attacked and eaten by lions). John therefore identifies who the dragon is, and who the two beasts are. Today, we can make a practical application of this scenario by asking this question: If a nation is not honoring God, then who are they honoring? We can either honor God, or we can do the work of the devil. We need to ask whether or not we live in a nation that gives God the glory. If we are not, then we are doing the work of the devil.

Timothy Sparks:

The symbolism of the Book of Revelation is apparent here in chapters 12 and 13 as we see the dragon (Satan) and the two beasts (the Roman government and its henchmen). The real message is that the devil is behind all of this, and is using the Roman Empire to do his dirty work. John says in Revelation 12:9 that he “deceives the whole world.” The Christians of the first century were enduring terrible persecution.

The seventh key to understanding the Book of Revelation has to do with the fact that the woman named “Babylon” is identified. In chapter 17, we see that the woman is finely dressed, and sits upon the back of a scarlet beast. On her forehead is written the following: MYSTERY, BABYLON THE GREAT, THE MOTHER OF HARLOTS AND OF THE ABOMINATIONS OF THE EARTH. The woman’s symbolic name is “Babylon,” which was the name of a city. The scarlet beast on which the woman is sitting has seven heads and ten horns, and turns out to be the same as the sea beast from chapter 13. Thus, the scarlet beast represents the Roman Empire. The woman is said to be “drunk with the blood of the saints,” which indicates that she was heavily involved in the persecution of Christians. Revelation 17:9 says, “The seven heads are seven mountains on which the woman sits.” We know the woman represents a city. In the first century, what city sat on seven hills? It was Rome. Thus, we learn that the “harlot Babylon” is the city of Rome, which was the centerpiece of the Roman Empire.

Ben Bailey:

Rome was the center of the world at the time. Ships arrived there. Commerce was in full swing. Rome was a powerful city—but very wicked. The identification of Rome by the name “Babylon” takes our minds back to the Old Testament, when God’s people were taken captive by the Babylonians. The citizens of Babylon at that time were a wicked and idolatrous people who took God’s people away into exile. Babylon, then, is used to represent what Rome was doing to Christians in the first century. Rome, too, was composed of wicked and idolatrous people. And Rome, too, was persecuting God’s people. John wrote to tell those people that God was going to deal with the harlot of Babylon! God was going to right the wrongs. Rome, while powerful, was nowhere near as powerful as God! Imagine if your family lived in the city of Rome, and had already endured persecution. Someone in your family might even have died. Wouldn’t it comfort you to know that God is going to deal with Rome, and that one day those people, and that government, will have to give an account? This leads us back to the main theme of comfort and encouragement.

Timothy Sparks:

The eighth key that can help us understand the Book of Revelation has to do with the fact that the book identifies a spiritual, rather than a physical, kingdom. Jesus, as He stood before Pilate, said, “My kingdom is not of this world” (Jn. 18:36). Jesus was a King—but not a King of an earthly realm. His Kingdom is spiritual in nature. In Revelation 3:21, we read, “To him who overcomes I will grant to sit with Me on My throne, as I also overcame and sat down with My Father on His throne.” In Christ’s spiritual kingdom, those who die “in Christ” are blessed (Rev. 14:13). Those in our day and age who suggest that passages like Revelation 20 teach a physical, earthly kingdom, and a thousand-year reign of Christ in that kingdom, are not approaching the Book of Revelation properly. The text of Revelation 20 itself identifies those who “reign” as those who were martyred for the cause of Christ. Their reward is not in any earthly kingdom. When John identified “two witnesses” who were resurrected (Rev. 11), those witnesses represented a cause—not an earthly kingdom. In Revelation 20:6, we read, “Blessed and holy is he who has part in the first resurrection.” That is the resurrection of a cause, and thus is of a spiritual nature.

Ben Bailey:

Yes, Jesus is “King of kings, and Lord of lords.” But He rules over a spiritual kingdom, not an earthly one. The Book of Revelation sets forth a message of hope, even for those of us today. Although we live in a wicked and evil world, and although sin has a grip on many people, if we will obey God and do what He wants us to do, then one day we can go home to Heaven to be with Him. No matter how much we may suffer, or how intense our persecution may be, God is on our side! We, therefore, are the ultimate winner. We can overcome. The eight keys that we have discussed can help us understand the Book of Revelation properly. The Book of Revelation is written in symbols. The things discussed in the book were taking place in the first century. The book can be understood. The time of persecution the Christians of the first century were undergoing was going to be of a limited duration. The dragon is Satan, the two beasts are the Roman government and its henchmen. The harlot of Babylon was Rome itself. And Christ’s kingdom that was being persecuted is spiritual in nature.

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Narrator accompanied by a cappella singing:

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STUDY QUESTIONS FOR Revelation Lesson 2
(Keys 5-8 to Understanding the Book)

  1. What is the fifth key to understanding the Book of Revelation?

  2. What is the sixth key to understanding the Book of Revelation?

  3. What is the seventh key to understanding the Book of Revelation?

  4. What is the eighth key to understanding the Book of Revelation?

  5. How do we know that the suffering and persecution that the Christians of the first century were enduring was going to be of a limited-time duration?

  6. Who is “the heavenly Jerusalem” that John mentions in Revelation 21:2?

  7. What does the number 7 represent in biblical imagery?

  8. If we today endure persecution, trials, and suffering, we need to remember two things. What are those two things?

  9. What was the question that the suffering saints mentioned in Revelation 6 asked?

10. What was the answer to the suffering saints’ question (referred to in #9 above)?

11. Who is the dragon of Revelation 12?

12. Who are the two beasts of Revelation 13?

13. Who, or what, does the woman (depicted as “Babylon, the mother of harlots”—Rev. 17:5) represent?

14. What do “the two resurrected witnesses” of Revelation 11 represent?

15. To whom does the phrase “the Gentiles” refer in Revelation 11:2 (“But leave out the court which is outside the temple, and do not measure it, for it has been given to the Gentiles. And they will tread the holy city underfoot for forty-two months”)?

16. Who was “trampling underfoot” the Christians during the persecution they were enduring?

17. Explain the meaning of John’s statement, in Revelation 11:15, “The kingdoms of this world have become the kingdoms of our Lord and of His Christ, and He shall reign forever and ever!”

18. Who were the Christians commanded (by the Roman government) to worship in the first century?

19. What was the fate of those who disobeyed that command (of question #18 above)?

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